M E T A - A N A L Y S E S

- summaries of the three main studies Kleijnen 1991 British Medical Journal. 107 trials. Criteria-based meta-analysis. 77% are positive The higher the scientific merit of the study, the more likely it is to show homoeopathy as superior to placebo. The evidence presented in this review would probably be sufficient for establishing homoeopathy as a regular treatment for certain conditions.

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Boissel 1996 Report for European Commission. 15 trials. Very strict inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis; data synthesis by combining the significance levels (p-values) for the primary outcomes from each trial. Combined p value for the 15 trials was highly significant p=0.0002. ' There is evidence that homeopathic medicine is more effective than placebo' . Little evidence of publication bias. Further high quality studies are needed. Linde 1997 Lancet. 89 trials. Meta-analysis; data synthesis by combining the odds ratios. Combined odds ratio 2.45 (95% CI 2.05, 2.93) in favour of homeopathy. Odds ratio for 26 best quality studies was 1.66. No evidence of significant publication bias. The results are not compatible with the hypothesis that the clinical effects of homeopathy are completely due to placebo. Further research is warranted. B A C K

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